《植物生理学报》 2018, 54(9): 1499-1506

干旱胁迫下保水剂对苹果幼苗生长和氮素吸收分配的影响

陈修淼^#, 肖伟^#, 孙科鹏, 吴廷容, 冯一清, 付喜玲, 高东升, 陈修德^*

山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院, 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心, 山东泰安271018

通信作者：陈修德；E-mail: chenxiude@163.com

摘　要：

以两年生苹果幼苗‘红将军’/平邑甜茶为试材, 通过保水剂吸收¹⁵N-尿素溶液的方法, 研究了干旱条件下保水剂对苹果幼苗的生长及氮的吸收分配特性的影响。结果表明, 干旱条件下, 保水剂处理减少了根系生长的营养消耗; 干物质总量增加8.63%。保水剂处理的细根、粗根、一年生枝、叶的Ndff (%)值显著高于对照, 叶芽和花芽的Ndff (%)值显著低于对照。保水剂处理叶片的¹⁵N分配率升高20.04%, 粗根¹⁵N分配率降低16.15%。保水剂处理整株的尿素利用率升高52.38%, 除叶芽与细根外, 其他各部位尿素利用率均显著升高, 其中以叶片最为显著, 为85.8%。在干旱胁迫下, 保水剂的施用可以减少植物根系生长的营养消耗, 增加地上部的养分积累, 促进花芽形成; 增加同化物积累量, 优化同化产物分配格局, 将更多的同化产物用于地上部器官的生长发育, 促进植株的生殖生长和增加贮藏营养。

关键词：苹果幼苗; 保水剂(SAP); 尿素; 干旱胁迫; 水肥耦合

修定：2018-06-06

资助：重大自然灾害监测预警与防范重点专项(2017YFC1502805)和山东省现代农业产业技术体系果品创新团队-栽培与土肥岗(SDAIT-06-01)。

Effects of super absorbent polymers on growth and nitrogen absorption and distribution of apple seedlings under drought stress

CHEN Xiu-Miao^#, XIAO Wei^#, SUN Ke-Peng, WU Ting-Rong, FENG Yi-Qing, Fu Xi-Ling, GAO Dong-Sheng, CHEN Xiu-De^*

State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China

Corresponding author: CHEN Xiu-De; E-mail: chenxiude@163.com

Abstract:

The effects of super absorbent polymers on growth and nitrogen absorption and distribution characteristics of two-year-old apple seedlings were studied by taking ‘Red General’ apple trees (rootstock Malus×hupehensis) as test materials and using super absorbent polymers to absorb ¹⁵N-urea solution. The results showed that under drought conditions, the super absorbent polymers treatment reduced the nutrition consumption of root growth. The total dry matter increased by 8.63%. The Ndff (%) values of ¹⁵N in fine roots, thick roots, annual branches and leaves treated with super absorbent polymers were significantly higher than those of the control, while the Ndff (%) values of leaf buds and flower buds were significantly lower than those of the control. The distribution rate of ¹⁵N in leaves increased by 20.04% and in thick roots decreased by 16.15% in the treatment group. The urea utilization rate of the whole plant in the treatment group increased by 52.38%, except for leaf buds and fine roots, the urea utilization rate of all other parts increased significantly, of which the leaf was the most significant, accounting for 85.80%. Under drought stress, the application of super absorbent polymers can reduce the nutrient consumption of plant root growth, increase the nutrient accumulation in the aboveground and promote the formation of flower buds, while increasing the accumulation of assimilates, optimizing the distribution pattern of assimilates, using more assimilates for the growth and development of aboveground organs, promoting the reproductive growth of plants and increasing the storage nutrition.

Key words: apple seedling; super absorbent polymers; urea; drought stress